PAKONA MACHINE

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 

PAKONA

 Horizontal Form / Fill /Seal Machine is a high speed packaging machine. PK-91 with cream filler model gives higher speed with weight accuracy. PK-91 with cream filler is available with the different types of filling arrangement such as cream filler. Belt conveyor is provide for discharge of packed pouches.

FEATURE                                                                 DESCRIPTION

OVERALL DIMENSIONS

1. Total length of the machine                                                     5512 mm.
2. Total Depth of the machine                                                     1316 mm.
3. Floor Area of the Machine                                                      5512 mm. L x 1316 mm. D   
4. Total Height of machine                                                          2668 mm.     
5. Voltage Specifications                                                              3 Phase, 415 V AC
6. Frequency                                                                                 50 Hz
7. Power Consumption                                                                5.5 KW. / 6.875 KVA (Approx)  
8. Air Consumption                                                                     1000 Liters / min. / 35.3 CFM
9. Air Supply                                                                                Min. - 6 kg/ cm2                                                                                                                             Max. - 8 kg/cm2      

                  

Truss (Force System)

Force System
When a member of forces simultaneously acting on the body, it is known as force system. A force system is a collection of forces acting at specified locations. Thus, the set of forces can be shown on any free body diagram makes-up a force system.

Truss
It is a rigid structure composed of number of straight members pin jointed to each other. It can sustain static or dynamic load without any relative motion to each other.

Types of Truss
1. Plane Truss  It is defined as a truss in which members are essentially lies in a single plane.
2.Rigid Truss  Rigid means there is no deformation take place due to internal strain in members.
3.Simple Truss  This type of trusses built a basic triangle by adding different members are known as simple truss.

Classification of a Truss (based on joints)
Truss can be classified on the basis of joints(1) and members (m) in the structure. It can be easily understood with the help of following hierarchical approach.

Gear drives(Advantages and Disadvantages)

Introduction:

Gear is the toothed wheel that transmits power and motion from one shafts to another shafts (by means of engagement between them).

      Gear drives are used in drives where constant velocity ratio is required as well as large power transmission is need of the drive. However, gear drives are costly because manufacturing process is complicated. They also require proper lubrication, cleaning, shaft alignment, space, etc.

       Advantages of Gear drives:

(a) Gear drive does not slip.

(b) It is positive drive.

(c) It is used to transmit very large power.

(d) The efficiency of transmission of gear drive is high, up-to 99%.

(e) Low velocity transmission is also possible in case of gear drives.

(f) Changing a velocity ratio can be possible by arranging different gears in mesh as in case of gear box.

(g) No requirement of tension adjustment as in case of belt drive.

       Disadvantages of Gear drives: 

(a) Gears need lubrication for smooth running.

(b) Cost of gear drive is more as compared to other drives.

(c) Manufacturing process of gears is complicated.

(d) Gear operation may be noisy.

(e) Gears require perfect alignment of the shafts.

CHAIN DRIVE (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

Chain drive: (Advantages and disadvantages)

Chain is a series of links connected by pin joints and mounted on sprockets for power transmission.

           The chains does not slip over sprockets. They give constant velocity ratio. It is suggested to replace belt and rope if possible to get positive drive like chain. chains are made up of metals, that is why they take less space and they can be used for longer distance between shafts.

             

The wheel with teeth, which fit into the recesses of chain is known sprocket.

Following are the advantages of chain drives:

(a) No slippage between chain and sprocket.

(b) Almost negligible stretch.

(c) Maximum heavy loads can be carried.

(d) Long operating life.

(e) Operates in hostile environments like oily,dusty, water, etc.

(f) Can be replaced easily.

(g) Chains does not require initial tension.

(h) High efficiency upto 98% can be obtained.

In spite of all these advantages, chain drives have lot of disadvantages like:
(a) High noise during operation in certain types.
(b) Wearing of link and sprockets can take place.
(c) Flexibility is limited to a single plane.
(d) Sprockets are to be replaced after service.
(e) Chain drives need housing.
(f) Proper lubrication is needed.
(g) Proper alignment of shaft is basic requirement.
(h) Not suitable for nonparallel shafts.

Chain drives are popular in various application in almost all types of industries as well as automobiles. These are used for velocity ratio less than 10:1.

Chain are classified as:
(a) Roller Chain.
(b) Duplex Chain.
(c) Block Chain.
(d) Conveyor Chain.
(e) Silent chain.

Roller Chain:
These consist of number of inner link assemblies in which adjacent pairs are connected by outer links.
An inner link has two bushes on which rollers are mounted, followed by inner plate. This complete the inner link assembly. Such number of inner link assemblies are joined together by two outer plates from two sides with two bushes atleast 19 teeth are recommended for normal application sprocket.

Duplex Chain:
Duplex chain indicates simply combination of two chains in parallel to each other. The roller chains are designed on the basis of pitch and power transmitting capacity,
           For more transmitting capacity, duplex, triplex or such chains are used.

Block Chain:
For low-speed power transmission, block chains are used. They can also be used as conveyor chains.

Conveyor Chain:
These type of chains are of hooks joints type. The sprocket is designed for smooth working of conveyor wheel. Chain is mounted on the sprocket and power is transmitted. These chains are used for material handling applications. They are designed for breaking load capacity rather than power and speed.

Silent Chain:
Silent chain offers little vibration and noise, and operates at 99% efficiency. These chains consists of a driving link, guide link and pins with joints. Silent chain drives are the best compared with roller chains because
(a) they have high power capacity,
(b) high speed,
(c) much quieter,
(d) high efficiency,
(f) more sprocket life.
Driving link is a plain link, engages sprocket teeth with less sliding and less impact.

MECHANICAL BELT DRIVES

Introduction:

Belt drives are used to transmit power from one shaft to another shaft i.e. from driver to driven. 

Mechanism of Belt drives:

Pulleys are mounted on the shafts for transmitting power. Belt is mounted on the pulleys without slip. Motion is then given to the driving pulley by using prime mover (like motor). Driving Pulley rotates and motion is transferred to driven pulley by belt. Belt tension is the important quantity which assures transmission without slip. Number of times belt tension is adjustable to maintain constant velocity ratio.

        Following three types of sections are observed in the belt:

        1. Inner face - in compression.

        2. Outer face - in tension.

        3. Neutral section line.

This parameters will decide the effective radius of pulley.

Types of Belt:

Basically, belts are of four types.

1. Flat Belt: 

Belt with rectangular in cross-section is known as flat belt. These belts are used on slightly crowned pulleys. These belts are having joint with no upper limit for center distance between two shafts.

2. Round Belt/Rope:

Rope drives are preferred for long center distance between shafts. The most important advantage is the low cost of rope/round belt. They are of circular cross-section with joint. Also there is no upper limit for distance between two centers of rope drive. Size range of rope diameter is 3 to 20 mm. Grooved pulleys are required for round belt drive.

3. Vee Belt:

Belt with trapezoidal section is known as V- belt. The grooved pulley of a V- belt is made deeper to take advantage of wedge action. They transmit more power without slip as compared to flat belt. The height of trapezoidal cross-section is ranging between 8 to 19 mm. They are used for limited center distance because their weight/unit length is more and hence belt deflects.

4. Timing belt:

Timing belts are need toothed wheels c sprockets. They are used for achieving positive belt drive. But the center distance between two pulleys is limited when timing belts are used.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING GUIDE ALPHABET WISE

A

Abrasion Test:

It is test for hardness of metal by means of a scratch on the smooth surface of the material being tested.

Abrasive:

Minerals used in different processes like sharpening.

Absorption Dynamometer:

Absorption dynamometer is used for measuring the work done.

Accelerating Pump:

A small cylinder and piston fitted to an SI engine carburetor, and connected to the throttle so as to provide a momentarily enriched mixture when the engine is accelerated. 

Acceleration:

It is the rate of change of velocity. For constant velocity, acceleration is zero.

Accelerator:

Pedal in a motor vehicle which controls the power and speed, by acting on the throttle valve and thereby regulating the mixture of air and petrol entering the engine.

Accelerometer:

Instrument used for measuring acceleration is called accelerometer.

Actinometer:

Instrument for measuring the intensity of the solar rays.

Accumulator:

An Accumulator is an instrument that consists of a heavily weighted tank, which is raised by means of a pump , there by storing up energy to be utilized as required ,by its descent.

Accurate:

Without error within tolerances allowed, precise, correct, confirming exactly to standard.

Acetylene Gas:

When water is poured on calcium carbide, acetylene gas is resulted. Acetylene flame has high illuminating value.

Activity-on-Note (AON) Diagram:

The activity-on-node diagram is an alternative method of representing a project network, in which the jobs or activities are denoted by nodes, while the precedence relationships are represented by the arrows. AON diagram does not require any dummy activities.

Adapter:

Appliance by means of which objects of different sizes will interchange on a spindle or other fitting.

Addendum:

The radial distance between the pitch circle of a gear wheel and the tip of a tooth.

Adiabatic process:

Addiabatic process is one in which there is no flow of heat between a system and its surroundings.

Advance:
In an internal combustion engine cylinder, which the timing of the ignition is altered to cause the spark in the cylinder to pass at an earlier point, there occurs advance.

SAMSUNG GALAXY J8 BEST REVIEW WITH BEST DEAL.

Samsung Galaxy J8 (Black, 4GB RAM, 64GB Storage) with Offers

by Samsung

• Camera: 16+5 MP Dual rear camera with Auto focus and 4x Digital zoom | 16 MP front camera with F1.9 LED flash
• Display: 15.24 centimeters (6-inch) HD Super AMOLED capacitive touchscreen display with 1480x720 pixels
• Memory, Storage & SIM: 4GB RAM | 64GB storage expandable up to 256GB | Dual nano SIM with dual standby (4G+4G)
• Operating System and Processor: Android V8.0 Oreo operating system with 1.8GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon SDM450 octa core processor
• Battery: 3500 mAH lithium ion battery
• Warranty: 1 year manufacturer warranty for device and 6 months manufacturer warranty for in-box accessories including batteries from the date of purchase
• Included in box: Earphones, Travel adaptor, USB Cable

• Samsung Galaxy J8 Mobile Phone Information

  Style: With Offer | Colour: Black
  Technical Details

  OS	Android
  RAM	4 GB
  Item Weight	191 g
  Product Dimensions	15.9 x 0.8 x 7.6 cm
  Batteries:	1 Lithium ion batteries required. (included)
  Item model number	Galaxy J8
  Wireless communication technologies	Bluetooth, WiFi Hotspot
  Connectivity technologies	2G, GSM, 3G, WCDMA, 4G LTE, FDD, TDD
  Special features	Dual SIM, GPS, Music Player, Video Player, Accelerometer, Fingerprint sensor, Proximity sensor
  Display technology	Super Amoled
  Other camera features	16MP (Front camera)
  Form factor	Touchscreen Phone
  Weight	191 Grams
  Colour	Black
  Battery Power Rating	3500
  Whats in the box	Handset (Non-removable Battery Included), Earphones, Travel Adapter, USB Cable and User Manual Product description Style name:With Offer  |  Colour:Black The super AMOLED infinity display of the new Galaxy J8 offers a one-of-a-kind viewing experience. It delivers stunning colour reproduction and deep contrasts. The 18.5:9 display ratio gives a massive viewing area.

COMPARISON BETWEEN IPHONE XR AND IPHONE XS

Apple iPhone XR (256GB) - Blue

by Apple

Product description

Colour:Blue  |  Size name:256 GB

iPhone XR features the most advanced LCD in a smartphone—a 6.1-inch

 Liquid Retina display with

 industry-leading color accuracy and an innovative backlight design that 

allows the screen to stretch

 into the corners. Six stunning new finishes. Advanced Face ID lets you

 securely unlock your

 iPhone, log in to apps, and pay with just a glance. The A12 Bionic chip 

with next-generation

 Neural Engine uses real-time machine learning to transform the way you

 experience 

photos, gaming, augmented reality, and more. A breakthrough 12MP camera 

system with

 Portrait mode, Portrait Lighting, enhanced bokeh, and all-new Depth Control.

 Water resistance.

 And iOS 12—the most advanced mobile operating system in the world—with

 powerful new tools

 that make iPhone more personal than ever.

• 6.1-inch Liquid Retina display (LCD)

• IP67 water and dust resistant

•  (maximum depth of 1 meter up to 30 minutes)

• 12MP camera with OIS and 7MP TrueDepth front 

• camera—Portrait mode, Portrait Lighting, Depth Control,

•  and Smart HDR

• Face ID for secure authentication

• A12 Bionic with next-generation Neural Engine

• Wireless charging—works with Qi chargers

• iOS 12 with Memoji, Screen Time, Siri Shortcuts, 

• and Group FaceTime

Apple iPhone Xs (256GB) - Space Grey

by Apple

Product description

Size name:256 GB  |  Colour:Space Grey

iPhone XS features a 5.8-inch Super Retina display with

 custom-built OLED panels for an HDR display that provides

 the industry’s best colour accuracy, true blacks and 

remarkable brightness.1 Advanced Face ID lets you securely

 unlock your iPhone, log in to apps and pay with just a

 glance. The A12 Bionic chip with next-generation Neural

 Engine uses real-time machine learning to transform the

 way you experience photos, gaming, augmented reality and

 more. A breakthrough 12MP dual-camera system takes your

 portraits to the next level with Portrait mode, Portrait

 Lighting, enhanced bokeh and all-new Depth Control. Water

 resistance.2 And iOS 12 — Apple’s most advanced mobile 

operating system — with powerful new tools that make iPhone

 more personal than ever.

• 5.8-inch Super Retina display (OLED) with HDR1
• IP68 dust and water resistant
•  (maximum depth of 2 metres up to 30 minutes)2
• 12MP dual cameras with dual OIS and
•  7MP TrueDepth front camera — Portrait mode,
•  Portrait Lighting, Depth Control and Smart HDR
• Face ID for secure authentication3
• A12 Bionic with next-generation Neural Engine
• Wireless charging—works with Qi chargers
• iOS 12 with Memoji, Screen Time, Siri Shortcuts,
•  and Group FaceTime.